基于数字图像相关的预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金疲劳开裂实验研究

通过三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法研究预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金在三种不同最大应力水平和应力比下的疲劳开裂行为。通过应变场演化直观地显示裂纹萌生和扩展的时空特征,并通过扫描电镜观测关键损伤区域的断裂微观形貌。结果表明:试样边缘的局部腐蚀促进了疲劳裂纹萌生,影响了裂纹的形核位置,并引起材料氢脆现象;疲劳裂纹扩展方向与加载方向呈60°~68°角,表明疲劳裂纹扩展可以用KⅠ/KⅡ混合模式来描述;预腐蚀铝合金疲劳失效存在单裂纹断裂、多裂纹联合、多裂纹竞争和多裂纹平行扩展4种典型的失效模式。     

高硅铝合金激光封焊与焊接接头的工艺研究

针对高硅铝合金电子封装管壳激光封焊后，焊接接头附近易出现裂纹，产品密封成品率低的问题，提出了一种具有预热-焊接-后处理的激光脉冲波形。通过研究激光封焊工艺参数与管壳焊接结构的作用关系，以及焊接接头部位的微观结构，确定了符合可靠性要求的管壳焊接接头的结构，避免了裂纹等缺陷的发生，并通过了可靠性验证，将其应用到宇航用混合微电路生产中，产品合格率得到了极大的提升。     

基于应变量耦合的低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金本构关系

为了获取新型低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金热成形工艺窗口,研究了热加工参数为变形温度875~1100℃、应变速率0.001~1 s^-1、变形量70%的低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金热变形行为。结果表明:流变应力与变形温度成反比,与应变速率成正比,合金为典型负温度、正应变敏感材料。以热模拟实验数据为依据,运用多元线性回归方法,确定了材料常数与应变的函数关系,建立了基于应变量耦合的α+β两相区及β单相区Arrhennius本构方程,其耦合系数为0.98,表明建立的模型在给定任意应变量时可准确预测流变应力。根据热激活能,判别合金在不同相区软化机制,单相区为动态回复,两相区为动态再结晶。     

热处理对超细晶稀土镁合金组织和性能的影响

镁合金作为目前工业应用中最轻的结构材料之一,在航空航天领域具有良好的应用前景。细晶镁合金因其优越的力学性能受到人们关注,但其热稳定性在一定程度上限制了其应用。为此,使用等通道角挤压(ECAP)对Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金进行强烈塑性变形,得到超细晶镁合金,对其进行不同温度、不同时间条件下的退火处理,以进一步提高该合金的塑性,研究该合金在高温下的稳定性。对处理后的样品进行力学性能测试,显微结构观察,背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析。结果显示:在200～300℃下保温0.5 h,可以在保持变形合金强度的情况下提高合金塑性,且低温处理的合金内部基本没有出现再结晶现象。该合金热稳定性好,可作为轻量化材料应用到多种航空航天部件中。     

Effects of dry/wet ratio and pre-immersion on stress corrosion cracking of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions were investigated. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) and electrochemical tests were used to study the effects of dry/wet ratio (DWR) and pre-immersion on SCC. Fracture and side surface characterizations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that SCC susceptibility decreases with an increase of the DWR. With an increase of the pre-immersion time, both continuous pre-immersion (CP) and wet-dry cyclic pre-immersion (WDP) samples are more sensitive to SCC, and the cracking mode in the SCC fracture region is intergranular. Furthermore, the effect of WDP on SCC is greater than that of CP when the total time immersed in solution before an SSRT is the same with each other. In fact, each single wet-dry cycle can be divided into three processes with respect to the change of solution on samples’ surface. Volatilization of water on the surface results in an increase in solute concentration, thus accelerating corrosion.     

预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用下航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为及寿命预测

飞机在腐蚀环境下服役时，损伤形式为地面腐蚀与空中疲劳交替过程。依据该工况特点，研究了预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用对2024-T4和7075-T651两种航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为的影响规律。结果表明：等效应力恒定时，随着预腐蚀时间增加，试样表面蚀坑数量和密度增加，腐蚀影响权重增大，2种铝合金多轴疲劳寿命均降低；交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳试验中，单位加载周次恒定时，单位腐蚀时间增加导致多轴疲劳寿命下降，试验过程中随着交替级数的增加，试样表面腐蚀程度加剧；基于Miner模型和预腐蚀疲劳寿命数据，提出修正的损伤累积模型，进行交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳寿命预测，寿命预测值基本位于2倍分散带内。     

7075铝合金二维超声挤压加工的灰色关联分析

采用正交试验法对7075-T651铝合金进行二维超声挤压加工试验,运用灰色关联分析法研究工艺参数对表面粗糙度和显微硬度的综合影响,采用多元线性回归方法构建灰色关联度预测模型,并基于预测模型通过规划求解确定最优工艺参数。结果表明:各工艺参数对表面粗糙度、显微硬度和灰色关联度的影响规律不同,基于灰色关联度排序获得的工艺参数值也并非最优值;建立的灰色关联度模型可对试验进行准确预测,基于该模型进行非线性规划求解获得的最优工艺参数为静压力220 N,挤压速度30 m/min,进给量0.14 mm/r,此时表面粗糙度Ra值约为0.44μm,显微硬度约为637 HL。     

Testing and evaluation for fatigue crack propagation of Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 alloys at high temperatures

This paper seeks to evaluate crack propagation properties and residual lives of metallic alloys subjected to fatigue loading at room and high temperatures. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 subjected to constant-amplitude and actual randomspectra loading at room temperature of about 25 ℃ and at high temperatures of 250 ℃ and 150 ℃ to determine their crack growth properties and residual lives. The damage mode and mechanisms at high temperature were compared with those at room temperature on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. Temperature-dependent residual lives under actual random-spectra load history were evaluated based on a modified accumulation damage rule accounting for the load interaction.Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

形状记忆合金在飞行器进气道中的应用研究进展

进气道作为发动机上游的重要气动部件,其性能对整个飞行器的工作效率和运行能力都有着重要影响。本文首先详细阐述了进气道的几何调节需求,指出了传统机械调节方案存在的不足以及形状记忆合金在可调进气道中诱人的应用前景,而后简单介绍了形状记忆合金的基本特性和典型航空应用进展。最后,总结了形状记忆合金在飞行器进气道中的应用情况,重点介绍了美国SAMPSON计划在智能进气道领域所取得的成果。     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.